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Case conversion, slugify, sort/dedupe lines, whitespace cleaning and fancy Unicode text.
Slugifying is the operation with the most hidden edge cases. Lowercasing and swapping spaces for hyphens is the easy half; the hard half is diacritics, because "café" and "cafe" have to collapse to the same slug or your URLs fork, and combining characters mean the same visible letter can arrive as one code point or two.
Sorting and deduplicating lines is the quiet workhorse — comparing two exported lists, cleaning a column pasted out of a spreadsheet, finding the one entry that appears twice in a config. Whitespace cleaning belongs next to it, since trailing spaces are invisible and break exact-match comparisons constantly.
The fancy Unicode text is fun and worth one warning: those letters are mathematical alphanumeric symbols, not styled Latin. Screen readers announce them character by character, and search engines do not treat them as the words they look like, so they belong in a display name rather than in anything that has to be read or found.